The issue is whether that irritation can be managed through rules, domestic renewal and cooperation or further fragments the world economy
China has enormous production capacity, but it has also deployed renewable energy at extraordinary speed at home, and exports have grown because prices are attractive. The question is not simply whether China produces too much. It is why the same scale can be seen as a threat by some economies, a climate opportunity by others, and both at once by some.
Yet China’s success creates discomfort. Other economies see manufacturers squeezed, worry strategic industries will disappear, and fear dependence on one country for future technologies. These concerns are understandable. But they are not proof that China has violated any settled international principle.